Analytical Investigation
Baseline characteristics are presented as means with standard deviation for continuous variables and numbers and percentages for categorical variables. Annual incidence rates (IR) were calculated as the number of events per 1000 person-years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HR and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) to analyze association between baseline blood pressure subgroups and cardiovascular and mortality outcomes. Additional analysis according to SBP/DBP combination groups was performed. Two-tailed P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, USA).
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This study provided 374,250 blood pressure level addressed Koreans 75 decades otherwise older (Fig. 1), whose baseline services by the lead size are provided during the Desk step one. Through the imply realize-upwards of 5.6 years, 28,621 clients educated ischemic coronary attack, 14,683 got MI, and you can 74,115 patients passed away. Essentially, people having cardiovascular feel frequency had large rates out of CVD exposure factorspared so you can players with no incidents, individuals with ischemic coronary attack and you can MI chance had rather higher baseline blood pressure levels, flirthookup login have been older, expected to become men, feel newest smokers, be actually dead, possess all forms of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and you can persistent renal state. Alcohol based drinks showed various other style to have ischemic stroke and you will MI. The brand new no skills teams had large cost from abdominal being obese and being obese. Interestingly, in relation to mortality, individuals who died have been less likely to want to enjoys dyslipidemia.
Flowchart from cohort solutions. A maximum of 374 250 sufferers was basically qualified to receive the brand new cohort, and you can was accompanied to have MI, ischemic stroke, and all of-bring about dying up until
Cox regression analysis of adjusted HRs by SBP and DBP are shown in Fig. 2. The reference groups were SBP 120 to 129 mmHg and DBP < 70 mmHg. All three outcomes measures showed highest HRs and IRs with SBP ? 170 mmHg or DBP ? 100 mmHg, except for all-cause death with highest risk when SBP < 110 mmHg. HR by SBP followed a J-curve pattern for ischemic stroke, and a U-shaped pattern for all-cause death. The nadir SBP ranges were 120 to 129 mmHg (HR 1, reference group) and 140 to 149 mmHg (HR 0.961; 95 % CI 0.937 to 0.985) for ischemic stroke and all-cause death, respectively. For MI, SBP < 160 mmHg was a relatively homogenous group and HR significantly increased only once SBP ? 160 mmHg. Meanwhile, increasing DBP generally showed higher HRs for ischemic stroke. For MI and all-cause death, DBP up to 80 mmHg and 90 mmHg did not show any significant differences from the reference group, and HR significantly increased when DBP was ? 80 mmHg or ? 90 mmHg, respectively.
Hazard ratios (HR) getting ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and death according to systolic hypertension (SBP) and you can diastolic hypertension (DBP) group. The info is actually adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking/ drinking/exercise/income reputation, together with visibility out-of diabetic issues mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and you may persistent renal disease (CKD). The newest 95% rely on (CI) menstruation receive since straight traces to your Time
In the SBP/DBP combination analysis, HRs stratified by SBP/DBP groups were calculated (Fig. 3). The reference group was SBP 130 to 149 mmHg/DBP < 80 mmHg. For each SBP group, higher DBP groups yielded higher HRs for all three outcomes, except when SBP ? 150 mmHg, DBP < 80 mmHg had higher HRs than when DBP was 80 to 89 mmHg, also for all three outcomes. Regardless of SBP control, patients with the highest DBPs ? 90 mmHg had higher HRs compared to the reference group. While there was no additional consistent trend in ischemic stroke and MI, in terms of all-cause death, within the same DBP group, the highest HRs lay in the SBP groups < 130 mmHg.